Oceanography  11/90



1. Name  five branches of oceanography.  Describe at  least  five

   ways  that man is becoming more dependent upon  knowing  about

   the oceans.



2. Describe  the  effects of the oceans.  Include the  effect  of

   currents  on the weather and climate.  Point out how  air  and

   ocean currents are alike and different.



3. Tell how ocean waves are described.  Point out the differences

   between the storm surge, tsunami, tidal wave, and title  bore.

   Tell the difference between sea, swell, and surf.  Explain how

   breakers are formed.



4. Draw  a cross section of underwater topography.  Show what  is

   meant by:

   a. Continental shelf

   b. Continental slope

   c. Abyssal plains.

   Name and put on your drawing the following:  seamount,  guyot,

   deep, rift valley, canyon, and trench.  Compare the depths  in

   the oceans with the heights of the mountains.



5. List the main salts, gases, and foods in sea water.   Describe

   the importance of these to life in the sea.  What is meant  by

   Dittmar's principle?  Why is it important?



6. Tell  the meaning of phytoplankton, zooplankton,  nekton,  and

   benthos.   Describe the importance of phytoplankton as a  main

   producer  of living things.  Tell the place and importance  of

   plankton in the food chain.



7. Do ONE of the following:

   a. Make a plankton net.  Tow the net by a dock, wade with  it,

      hold  it in a current, or tow it from a rowboat.   Do  this

      for about 20 minutes.  Save the sample.  Examine it under a

      microscope  or high-power glass.  Identify the  three  most

      common types of plankton in the sample.*

   b. Make  a series of models (clay or plaster and wood)  of  a

      volcanic  island.   Show  the growth of  an  atoll  from  a

      fringing  reef  through  a  barrier  reef.   Describe   the

      Darwinian theory of coral reef formation.

   c. Measure the water temperature 1 foot below the surface of a

      body of water four times daily (8 a.m., noon, 4 and 8 p.m.)

      for  6 straight days.  Measure the air  temperature.   Note

      the  cloud  cover and roughness of the  water.   Show  your

      findings  on  a  graph.  Tell  how  the  water  temperature

      changes with air temperature. *

   d. Make  a  model showing the inshore  sediment  movement  by

      littoral   currents,  tidal  movement,  and  wave   action.

      Include  such things as high and low waterlines,  low  tide

      terrace,  cusps,  beach  scarp, and  berm.   Show  how  the

      offshore bars are built up and town down.

   e. Make a wave generator.  Show reflection and refraction  of

      waves.   Show how groins, jetties, and  breakwaters  affect

      these patterns.



8. Do ONE of the following:

   a. Write  a  500  word  report  on  any  good   book   about

      oceanography.  (Before reading have your counselor  approve

      it.)

   b. Visit one of the following.  Write a 500 word report  about

      your visit.

      1.) an oceanographic research ship

      2.) an oceanographic institute

   c. Explain to your troop in a 5 minute prepared  speech  "Why

      Oceanography  is Important".  (Before making it, show  your

      speech outline to your counselor.)



*- May be done in lakes or streams.