====> NOTE TO SCOUTERS WHO HAVE DOWNLOADED THIS FILE FROM A COMPUTER BBS: This file was created in Microsoft WORKS with all formats & graphics. If you prefer this format please contact Ed Henderson at BIGEDBSA@aol.com on America Online via the Internet. BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA CAMP THUNDER Health Lodge & Wellness Information Center _____________________________________________________________________________ FIRST AID MERIT BADGE LESSON PLANS First written by Ed Henderson in 1978 & revised annually For use at 1995 Summer Camp Course Philosophy The First Aid Merit Badge is one of the cornerstones of scouting. The Boy Scouts of America stress a strong commitment to the principals and practices of emergency medical care. It is not surprising therefore that for many years the first Merit Badge required for each scout on his path towards Eagle was First Aid. Today First Aid continues to be one of the two most popular badges in scouting and continues to be required for Eagle Scout. First Aid skills are also stressed in each of the first three progress awards and our Buckskin First Year Camper Program. First Aid Merit Badge is extremely important. Scouts earning these badges should review the procedure on a regular basis. Additional training with the American Red Cross series of First Aid classes as well as Red Cross & American Heart Association C.P.R. courses are also recommended. Scouts are urged to plan to take Emergency Preparedness & Safety Merit Badges as a logical next step in their scouting First Aid education (both of those badges are also on the Eagle required list). Even after a scout has earned all of the BSA badges relating to Health & Safety a scout should plan on taking a refresher course at least once a year since techniques frequently change and skills can be forgotten if not reviewed on a regular basis. CPR training with the ARC & the AHA are only good for one or two years (depending on class) and then must then be refreshed. Special needs scouts including those with physical or mental challenges, reading deficits, or other conditions can be accommodated, especially where the written part of the evaluation procedure takes place. It is suggested that the scout or his leader make staff aware of these needs during medical checkin on Sunday or on the first day of class. Counselling assistance is available by appointment during the camp week and after class consultation can also be arranged. Adult scoutleaders are urged to attend the First Aid Merit Badge seminar. Copies of course materials are available to adult leaders as well as testing material and answer keys. The Camp Wellness Information Center has a complete program for adult leaders in camp to aid in their own troop health & safety programs including First Aid Kit development & maintenance, and teaching first aid at a scout meeting setting. Daily performance and attendance progress for each scout will be made available in accordance with an overall campwide system for reporting daily progress and programs as administered by the camp Program Director. This system, called the class problems & situations log is kept in the camp office. Scoutleaders will be made aware of these notification procedures at the adult leaders meeting on Sunday. In accordance with the regulations of the American Red Cross which the Boy Scouts of America subscribes to in regard to the instruction of persons with the manican there are certain instances in which persons will not be able to use this devise. This includes individuals who have tested positive for the HIV virus, as well as any communicable disease or those with any current sickness, those with open wounds to the lip, or those who are recovering from mononucleosis. Again, leaders need to make staff aware of these problems so alternative lab methods can be employed to demonstrate proficiency in these skills. The First Aid Merit Badge requirements and book are revised for 1993. Our curriculum at Camp Thunder is reflective of these changes. Scouts arriving at camp should avail themselves of the current copy of the First Aid Merit Badge pamphlet available at the Trading Post as well as their Scout Handbook. There may be out of date books in some troop libraries. The out of date Merit Badge books in the Trading Post have been removed. Scouts unable to secure an updated copy of the requirements can get a copy of them from the instructor. Where the current requirements of the BSA First Aid Merit Badge Book and the most recent First Aid pamphlet in print differ in method or requirements the more current material will be used. Special care will be used to highlight changes and additional media will be used to demonstrate the current method. As always the scout Handbook will also be used & supplemented by numerous handouts. It is strongly recommended that no scout attempt the more advanced Emergency Preparedness Merit Badge until First Aid Merit Badge has been completed. In Emergency Preparedness, the skills of First Aid are explored in terms of applying skills to actual "real world" lab situations. A working knowledge of First Aid skills is needed to participate in these drill exercises. Historically the author has found that scouts attempting to take both classes during the same week of summer camp often experience difficulty with the Emergency Preparedness requirements. Because of this, the instructor asks that an adult leader specifically authorize any dual enrollments in these programs. In cases of large class size (more than 15) the class can be divided if an assistant is available and then the manican & bandage modules can be taught simultaneously on each of two days. (Disable this paragraph, not applicable at Thunder) Since the lead instructor for this badge also serves in other camp positions including that of Camp Medical Director there may come a time when he may be called away from instruction duties to perform actual First Aid or providing transport to a local hospital. The modular method of this syllabus is adaptable to changing activity units or supplanting verbal instruction to audio visual instruction with professionally prepared tapes from the American Red Cross. This schedule below is a very aggressive, intensive schedule. There are literally hundreds of first aid skills & techniques to impart to scouts in a very limited amount of time. Traditionally First Aid Merit Badge is one of the most popular classes in camp thus it is reasonable to expect that the class size will be larger than camp average. Every effort will be made to complete the badge but the Health Lodge staff reserves the right to recommend a partial completion to troop advancement committees if, during the course of the week, it becomes an impossibility to adequately provide the training in the skills listed. The Health Lodge staff intends to conduct a study during the summer of 1995 to determine if a two hour class schedule is more conducive in a summer camp program environment. Course Methodology A Summer Camp setting, such as that provided at Camp Thunder tends to restrict certain resources while enhancing others. In planning for these conditions a highly effective First Aid program can be conducted. Scouts planning to take First Aid Merit Badge should review requirements prior to arrival at camp and should attempt to locate materials at home for the first aid kits they will need to prepare. The Camp Thunder First Aid curriculum shall provide many lab opportunities with needed equipment, demonstration models, an interactive program with audio visual materials, a socratic method of instruction replete with anecdotal stories to aid in memory retention and a qualified instructor. The evaluation procedure shall include class participation and discussion with scouts being required to perform various tasks before the group and to practice in a safe and serious manner the First Aid procedures on each other and on the manican where indicated. A Comprehensive evaluation shall be administered on the 4th day of class. This battery of tests shall include a 100 point written test with a passing grade of 80 as well as a final performance evaluation with skills being performed with a staff member. It is important to note that the written test is not the final arbiter on whether or not a scout passes this class. The written performance is best used by the instructor as a method of highlighting specific skills which a scout might be weak on. Since the test is administered on Thursday appointments can be made on Friday for individual review and retraining on skills that scouts did not indicate proficiency in. The written test will be the final arbiter in determining awarding of American Red Cross Basic First Aid cards however. The current First Aid Merit Badge Requirements reflect certain recent changes, largely reflected as a result of the 1991 National conference on First Aid Emergency Care Practices provided by members of the non medical community. This conference, reported in The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Feb. 18 1991 pp. 253 - 278 notes in detail these recommended changes. The Boy Scouts of America together with teams from other national First Aid training organizations revised the general first aid methodology with an eye toward thousands of case histories, medical research advances, and the capabilities and limitations of scouting aged youth who would be exposed to the materials and then expected to retain and perform these medical procedures. Also the Boy Scouts of America made a major change in the youth advancement procedure in 1989 which eliminated the First Aid Skill Award. These changes saw the entire First Aid requirements be rewritten in early 1990. Course Ediology This syllabus has been developed over the course of a number of summer camps. It has been field tested at Camp Thunder, Camp Ben Hawkins, Camp Sidney Dew, Camp Pine Mountain, and Camp Blue Heron and has been adapted by other scout council camps. This course outline is also necessitated due to the lack of a generic class outline in the summer camp lesson plan package available from BSA National supply division for camp use. Course References: * First Aid Merit Badge Pamphlet (BSA) 1992 Printing #3276 * First Aid Skill Book (BSA) 1973 Edition #6588 * First Aid Contests (BSA) 1972 Edition # 3703 * Advanced First Aid & Medical Care (American Red Cross) 1993 Edition * American Red Cross Standard First Aid Manual 1991 Edition * American Red Cross Community CPR Video & Training Guide 1990 Edition * Other assorted literature from the American Red Cross & the instructors own personal collection of articles, booklets, posters and handouts (many in classroom quantities) MONDAY----------------------------------------------------------------- * Each day check computerized class roll against actual attendance and make any additions, corrections, and deletions to the camp computer center administrative & technical support services (located in the Camp Office). Upon receipt of final class roll sheets, transfer names to First Aid Merit Badge weekly Matrix Grid progress sheets. I. Introduction: 1. Opening "At any given moment I could be called from here to help save someone's life or to treat something as small as a cut, but I may not always be here, and this Health Lodge, with all of its fine medical equipment may not always be at one's disposal, in fact there may come a time (look each scout in the eye) when the only person qualified to give emergency medical care until professional help arrives is you, and I hope that is the reason you decided to take First Aid Merit Badge. During the next five days we will be exploring many facets of First Aid. This Merit Badge is required for First Class. Even though some of you may have already completed parts of Tenderfoot, 2nd Class, and 1st Class progress awards we will be reviewing the first aid skills in those requirements because the first requirement of the Merit Badge is to review those skills. If you have already learned them a good review would hurt and you may find that many skills in First Aid can often by applied to different emergency situations. 2. Introduce myself, promote the Health Lodge & Camp Wellness Information Center. 3. Give general overview including manicans, bandages. Introduce staff member Resuci Anne and explain her roll in creating First Aid awareness. 4. Promote need to get a First Aid Merit Badge Book from Trading Post ($1.85) or troop library (Free). Scouts should also bring the Boy Scout Handbook [Tenth Edition]. Explain that the First Aid Merit Badge pamphlet currently in print is outdated in a few areas and that the instructor will note those changes. Also tell them that some editions may have the old requirements listed. Have copies of new requirements in handout form for any scouts who do not have the new requirements. 5. Explain basic importance of First Aid in scouting and in life. Mention the Boy's Life monthly animated feature "True Stories of Scouts in Action" and national court of honor BSA awards including the Metal for Meritorious Service and the BSA Award for Saving Life. 6. ARC Basic First Aid Cross Certification Tell scouts that my instruction is certified & licensed by the American Red Cross. At the conclusion of the course on Friday those completing the class will also get a card certifying that they have completed the ARC "Basic First Aid class." A patch is available but should not be worn on the BSA uniform but may be placed on a backpack. 7. Promote other First Aid opportunities beyond the class. Promote Safety & Emergency Preparedness Merit Badge. Encourage scouts to review their skills each year. 8. Class rules about being punctual, also discuss tobacco, talking, removing cans & food, remind scouts this is First Aid, not Landscape Architecture, Communications, Food Systems, Music, or other such badges - confused scouts can cause class disruptions. 9. Delineate "Relva VII Academy Trials" motivational imperative. ("May you all do your best") II. Skill Review of Tenderfoot - First Class Progress Award Section {MB req. #1} and closely related Merit Badge requirements. If the class is the First Year Camper Program teach this in depth. All items in this syllabus are linked directly to the corresponding BSA requirements and are delineated by the symbol {MB req. #} or {Tend. - 2nd Cl. - 1st Cl. req. #}. 1. Choking. Teach Heimlich Maneuver (BSA Handbook pp. 416-417.) Show Audio Visual Module from ARC Adult CPR. (8 minutes) Man choking in restaurant. {Tend. req. #11a}. This module will be reviewed again later in the week when scouts will explore CPR {MB req. #3}. This section will include: a. Viewing the Red Cross video module on choking b. Personally explaining the nature of the human body and about the diaphragm band of muscle which allows us to breathe. Ask scouts how many have ever had the "wind knocked out of them" and tell them that was just like a heimlich maneuver. c. Recognizing the three signs of a choking victim d. First aid for a conscious choking victim e. First aid for an unconscious choking victim f. How and when to remove objects from the mouth. g. Stress that the four back blows followed by four abdominal thrusts is an obsolete procedure, having been replaced by abdominal thrusts only. h. Have scouts practice on each other in groups on two. Stress that they should not actually depress on each other's abdomens as it could cause injury. Instructor should check for hand position and location. 2. Simple Cuts & Scratches. {Tend. req. #11b} (HB p. 419). Demonstrate: a. Wash well with soap & water b. Apply antiseptic to kill germs (show examples) c. Bandage d. Discuss infections & cleanliness 3. Blisters on Hands & Feet {Tend. req. #11b} (HB p. 422) a. Discuss causes & prevention. Use this opportunity to impress on scouts the need to use clean socks each day and to keep them dry as part of preventative First Aid. b. Talk about how to clean, pop, drain, and bandage blister. c. If time permits share anecdotal story of scout in my troop at Kennesaw Mt. hike who failed to break in new boots for his patrol hike and had to be carried off mountain because of the blisters on his feet. 4. Minor Burns & Scalds (1st Degree) {Tend. req. #11b} (HB p. 420). a. Example Sunburn b. Causes & Prevention - Explain what sunblock is and the dangers of Melanoma Skin Cancer. c. First Aid treatment including cold water & alovera based remedies. Also mention over the counter endothermic reaction remedies such as solarcane. d. Caution against use of some home "remedies" including butter, vasaline, etc. 5. Serious Burns & Scalds (2nd & 3rd Degree) {MB req. #5e & 2nd Cl. req. #6c. a. Example 2nd Degree Burn - Burn from hot pan or contact with hot Greece or water. b. Example 3rd Degree Burn - Clothes catch on Fire and cause flesh to burn. c. Explain Serious nature of the damage to skin cells and the body frequent inability to regenerate this tissue, even in small areas. Also explain the high increase of infections from these wounds. d. First Aid treatment for 2nd Degree burns include cool water, loose bandaging, and seeking medical treatment. e. First Aid treatment for 3rd Degree burns include seeking immediate medical care, loosely bandaging. Stress that scouts do not disturb the wound any way including removal of charred skin or clothing that may be attached to the wound. 5. Bites & Stings on Insects {Tend. req. #11b} (HB p. 423), also {MB req. #5e}. a. Anthropoid Identification, preferred habitat, and negative health effects on humans. 1. Brown Recluse Spider - Show picture of small brown spider with violin shape. Explain that spider bite may not be painful but insect can inject proteins which are very toxic to human skin tissues. Then show picture of person one week after bite of insect. 2. Black Widow Spider - Show picture, stress Red Hourglass feature on underside of abdomen, attempt to get encased specimen before camp. 3. Tarantulas & Scorpions - Explain that Tarantulas are not native in Southeast, most highly venomous varieties are in tropical climates. Explain that although Scorpions are present in Georgia they too are not the highly toxic variety. Show photos or samples. 4. Other stinging insects. Explain that all spiders (8 legs) have poison glands. Explain that bees, wasps, and some other flying (and ground) insects possess ability to sting (show examples). 5. Ticks. Explain the psychophant nature of this animal. Explain how tick feeds and respirate. Stress to very specific and dangerous diseases associated with this insect. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and Lyme Disease. Hand out article on Lyme Disease in Georgia and increase in tick illness. Explain that tick appearance will not indicate if the animal was a carrier of either disease. Also stress to scouts where ticks usually attach themselves and that the usual incubation period is about 6 - 8 hours for a disease to be transmitted to a human. b. Explain Anaphylactic Shock which can be associated with any bite or sting of insects as well as with the administration of some medicines. Discuss life threatening nature of severe allergic reactions & treatment. c. Explain use & show a Medic Alert Bracelets. Explain their use and importance in determining emergency conditions. d. Tick Removal (HB p. 424). 1. Live Tick Removal - Explain use and methodology of Fingernail Polish removal, castor oil, and hot instrument (needle or just extinguished match). Use anecdotal story of scout in my troop who used incorrect cigarette lighter method to fry a tick and cause a 2nd degree burn & bald spot on head. Allow tick to back out and then thoroughly wash area & apply antiseptic. 2. Dead tick Removal - Gently apply tweezers and slowly twist in counterclockwise direction. Try and determine if tick head is intact. Do not crush. Use tweezers to remove tick head if not attached. Wash area and apply antiseptic. 5. Poisonous Snakebites {Tend. req. #11b} (HB pp. 426-427). a. Distribute handout from American Red Cross on First to each scout [ARC order # KZ - 00614]. Need 300 copies for camp season. b. Show poster of Poisonous snakes in Georgia. Explain sign of poison fang markings and that a poisonous Coral Snake is the only kind of snake that is poisonous which does not have these markings. c. Explain that some nonpoisonous snakes also bite and that their wounds should be treated the same as any puncture wound. d. Explain that location and distance from Hospital play a key role in determining what treatment should be used for Poisonous snakebites. 1. If less than 1 hour to hospital - Contact hospital and try to identify snake (do NOT attempt to capture snake). Hospital can then prepare or obtain antivenin. Use coldpack treatment, lower bite portion of body relative to the heart, wash & clean. 2. If more than 1 hour to hospital - Still make contact with emergency facility as soon as possible and try to identify snake (do NOT attempt to capture snake). Make Vertical incision with sterile instrument over each fang mark to encourage bleeding. Each incision should be 1 1/2 inches long and start 1 inch above fang mark. Use suction device to encourage bleeding. Apply constriction bandage two inches above wound. Apply coldpack treatment if available, treat for shock, lower bite portion of body relative to the heart. Keep victim stable and keep heart rate from increasing. 6. Nosebleed {Tend. req. #11b} (HB pp. 420.). This concludes all Tenderfoot First Aid Skill Reviews. a. Lie victim down b. Elevate head c. Pinch nose d. Apply cotton between lips to depress capillaries which carry blood to nose. e. Explain that nosebleeds along with all other injuries to head tend to bleed profusely due to large volume of blood in area. f. Explain that nosebleeds sometimes start with no apparent injury or contact. 7. Rabid Animal {2nd Cl. req. #6c} (HB pp. 425.) a. Stress serious nature of any animal bite. b. Explain need to thoroughly wash and clean areas as well as seeking medical treatment. c. Explain the services of animal control department in county and why only trained personnel should capture an animal that has attached someone. 8. Object in Eye {2nd Cl. req. #6c} (HB pp. 427.) a. Stress serious nature of any eye injury b. Explain why we don't rub eye. c. If object not embedded in eye explain use of use water from inside to the outside of eye (show eye irrigation devise) and demonstrate brushing technique with clean cloth. d. If object embedded stress emergency nature and need to bandage BOTH eyes. 9. Puncture Wound {2nd Cl. req. #6c} (HB pp. 428.) a. Puncture wounds can be caused from splinter, nail, fishhook, animal or snake bite, or any unsteralized object that penetrates deeply in the body. b. Explain the importance of having a current tetanus shot in order to combat the effects of lockjaw and gangrene. c. Encourage bleeding, clean thoroughly and wash. Use Antiseptic. If area becomes infected or if tetanus shot is out of date seek medical help. d. If object embedded stress emergency nature and need to bandage BOTH eyes. III. Assignment: Make First Aid Kit, Due Wednesday (or before Pioneer Program Overnighter Activity, find out occurrence date). Prepare a personal First Aid Kit for yourself for a hike. These kits can be prepared from materials you brought with you, your troop first aid kits, or are available for sell from the Trading Post. The Health Lodge & Wellness Center can not provide items from its inventory for this purpose. Scouts may work with others from their troop in groups of two to accomplish this task or may work by themselves but no more than two can be given credit for any one kit {2nd Cl. req. # 6b}, see p. 28-29 for guidance on items to include in kit. IV. Also due Wednesday from EACH scout is a list of at least 20 items which should be in every home medicine cabinet. These should be turned in with name and troop #. They will be returned on Friday so the scout may take them home and present the list to their parents & unit leader {MB req. 2b}. TUESDAY---------------------------------------------------------------- I. The Emergency Medical System - How to obtain help {MB req. 2a}. 1. Display poster on how to make an emergency phone call 2. Explain the need for emergency numbers by all phones 3. Explain the enhanced 911 system now in use in some Georgia counties. 4. Stress that in situations where no other rescuer is present the primary job of the rescuer is to administer the first aid and not to leave the victim to seek medical help. 5. Talk about different situations: home, water activity, wilderness area, troop campout. Mention potential uses for universal distress signs. II. First Aider personal conduct in emergency {MB req. 2a}. 1. Show the Red Cross video segment on how to act in an accident and how to get medical help. (Starring spinner the boy who gets electrocuted when being babysat by his brothers) III.Hurry cases of First Aid {2nd Cl. req. 6a}. 1. Stopped breathing {also part of MB req. 3}. a. Breathing can stop for many reasons including drowning, choking, heart attack, etc. b. Watch ARC video on drowning (starring hispanic lady that falls into backyard pool) c. Demonstrate on manican. Explain care & use of manican at this time. Be sure and have ground cloth set up as well as Clorox disinfectant available with towels for each scout. d. Also display poster showing steps for rescue breathing e. For the specific steps in this procedure refer to BSA & ARC literature. f. Hand every scout their own pocket pamphlet on this procedure g. So far as time permits have two or three scouts come up and practice. At some time during the week every scout will get the opportunity to work with the manican. Some scouts will do this on Thursday while the test is going on and others can do it on Friday. The Health Lodge wellness center CIT staff person will be monitoring this activity while other aspects of the class or test are going on. 2. Heart Attack - No circulation {MB req. 3}. a. Explain that the BSA requirements do not require a scout to complete the ARC regular 8 hour CPR class. Stress to each of them that what we will be doing is a quick overview of CPR and that additional training is strongly recommended. Scouts will not be getting a ARC CPR card for completing this section. b. Watch ARC Video segment "signs of a heart attack" (starring kid & his father who are watching football game and father starts showing symptoms) {MB req. 3b. & 1st cl. req. 8d.) c. Watch ARC Video segment "cardiac arrest" (starring square dance announcer) {MB req. 3a & 3c.) d. Watch ARC Video segment "skills review" (starring family reunion with grandfather). e. Discuss the three video segments we just watched. Answer questions. 3. Severe Bleeding {MB req. 3d & part of 2nd Cl. req. 6a} a. Explain why severe bleeding is a life threatening injury such as a laceration to the wrist or leg, especially where a major vein is cut. b. Display ARC poster for serious bleeding c. Demonstrate the five steps for severe bleeding * Direct Pressure * Elevation * Pressure Point * Bandage as soon as possible * Tourniquet In detail describe and demonstrate these steps. Use examples so scouts understand the concept of elevation & pressure points. Show location of main pressure points in arms & legs. Explain that we will take up bandages tomorrow. d. Explain the serious nature of applying the tourniquet and why it is a "last resort" measure. 4. Internal Poisoning {part of 2nd Cl. req. 6a} a. Explain the importance of the Poison Control Center b. Explain treatment for conscious and unconscious person c. Explain when to induce vomiting in a conscious victim d. Explain the use of dilution of poison in a conscious victim e. Share anecdotal story of 1986 JLT program at Camp Ben Hawkins when entire patrol got Zinc Oxyide poisoning. IV. Other First Aid Treatments & Procedures 1. Shock {part of 2nd Cl. req. # 6c} a. Have scouts turn to scout handbook and discuss procedures as illustrated on p. 418. b. Explain that shock occurs to some degree in all injuries and can even occur when bad news or other psychological trauma occurs. 2. Heat Exhaustion & Heat Stroke {part of 2nd Cl. req. # 6c} (HB p. 429). a. Explain the serious nature of any heat related illness b. Review preventive First Aid procedures including proper fluid consumption. Also use this opportunity to "preach" to the scouts about keeping plenty of fluids in themselves while at camp, especially water or gatoraid. c. Explain difference between heat exhaustion * heat stroke and first aid for each 3. Hypothermia {MB req. # 5a.) a. Distribute pamphlet on Hypothermia and review First Aid treatment b. Explain need to guard against a hostile environment with proper clothing c. Explain role of proper nutrition to help fuel the body's ability to maintain normal temperature. d. Share anecdotal story of scout in my troop who got Hypothermia when canoe swamped on Chattahoochee River. 4. Frostbite {MB req. # 5c.) a. Stress proper and improper treatment in warming the body for an occurrence of Frostbite. b. Explain need to guard against a hostile environment with proper clothing c. Explain what occurs to the body in frostbite and the need to prevent additional injury when frostbite occurs. 5. Convulsion & Seizures {MB req. # 5b.) a. Distribute pamphlet from the American Epilepsy Foundation on First Aid for Seizures b. Explain the role of understanding a trained first aider can be when a victim is suffering a seizure and the kinds of seizures an epileptic can experience. c. Explain that other people can have convulsion and seizures besides epileptic. Convulsion can also occur in some cases of food poisoning or with some head injuries. Stress emergency nature of this condition and First Aid treatment. 6. Abdominal Pain & Stomach Cramps {MB req. # 5f.) a. Review possible causes b. Stress that these pains may be the result of overeating or something far much worse. Stress that if over the counter treatments don't work after a few hours or if the pain is intense the victim should seek medical help quickly. 7. Broken teeth {MB req. # 5g.) & Knocked out tooth {MB req. # 5h.} a. Distribute pamphlet from American Dental Association on proper care and treatment for teeth and First Aid for someone with a tooth injury. b. Review First Aid treatment and the need to seek help of a dentist c. Use this opportunity to share with scouts that the BSA has a Dentistry Merit Badge they may want to try earning. 8. Muscle Cramps {MB req. # 5i.} a. Discuss causes and nature of a cramp b. Stress the need to "warm up" muscles before any heavy activity or sporting event with exercises which tone the muscle and limber the body c. Explain use of over the counter medications like Leg-a-trin and how to get rid of a cramp with use of warm moist cloth and "walking it out." 9. Bruses, Strains, Sprains {MB req. 5d.} a. Explain that Bruses are a kind of internal bleeding b. Explain that large bruses, especially any on the trunk of the body could be a sign of internal organ damage and that medical help must be sought. c. Explain the body's limitations and why these accidents can be avoided, how they are caused, and what to do if these conditions occur. d. Tomorrow we will be working with bandages and we will learn how to bandage for a sprain. WEDNESDAY----------------------------------------------------------- I. Bandage Day at the Health Lodge !!! {see each section for requirements). Have these materials available for class: * Blankets (for stretchers & for victim scouts to lie on * 6 Stretcher Polls (2x2, 8 feet long) * Triangular bandages * Long & Short Splint Polls * Padding for Splint units * Gause & Bandage Wrap * 25 foot of rope for bowline & 20 two foot pieces for each scout. * Other rescue material as indicated Before class, photocopy and paste on 4 x 6 cards examples of all bandages, transport procedures, splints, and other items we will be covering today. Have scouts get into groups and tell them that today each group will be doing four - six projects depending on the time available. Tell scouts that within each group different persons should be the victim so that each person can practice preparing bandages. As each group completes its bandage the instructor will visit each group and check the bandages. The bandages should remain on until all groups are finished. Each group will then get in front of all of the other groups to explain their bandage and tell how any why it is used and how they put it on. The instructor shall interject as necessary so that all important points are covered. In having this presentation the scouts will also be going {MB req. # 7} by teaching a scout skill to another scout. 1. Bowline Knot and use in rescue {1st cl. req. # 8a} (HB pp. 134-136). Each scout should do their own bowline. If camp resources prevent enough materials for the Health Lodge to maintain its own supply of rope the class can move over to the Scoutcraft Department to make use of adequate rope in that program area. It is essential that arrangements be made with the Director of Scoutcraft before this visit occurs. Also review the square knot, used for all bandages. 2. Injuries to the Head {1st cl. req. # 8b} (HB p. 434) 3. Injuries to the Upper Arm / Shoulder / Colarbone {1st cl. req. # 8b} (HB p. 435-436). 4. Injuries to the Knee {1st cl. req. # 8b} (HB p. 434) 5. Injuries to the Hand {1st cl. req. # 8b} (HB p. 434) 6. Injuries to the Foot {1st cl. req. # 8b} (HB p. 434) 7. Injuries to the Ankle {1st cl. req. # 8b} (HB p. 423) 8. Injuries to the Colarbone / Shoulder {1st cl. req. # 8b} (HB p. 435-436) 9. Fractures, explain the difference between open (compound) & closed (simple). Have scouts demonstrate first aid with do's & don'ts for fractures. For open fractures explain importance of pressure points and why we don't use direct pressure. {MB req. 4a). 10. Splint a lower leg fracture. Victim can not assist {MB req. 4a) (HB pp.435-436). 11. Splint a upper leg - thigh fracture. Victim can not assist {MB req. 4a) (HB pp.435-437). 12. Splint a lower arm or wrist fracture. Victim can not assist {MB req. 4a) (HB p.435-436). 13. Head, neck & back injuries, explain symptoms care & special dangers associated with these injuries and potential for causing complications. Explain the need to never move a victim any more than is absolutely necessary. Demonstrate how to treat for these injuries. {MB req. # 4b). 14. Transportation of the injured when necessary. Explain when moving an injured person may be unavoidable and the precautions a rescuer should take to lessen the chance for additional injury. Explain the methodology of determining the best format for moving the injured. {MB req. # 6a). 15. With two people demonstrate several techniques for moving someone from a smoke filled room including someone with a broken leg for at least 25 yards {1st cl. req. # 8c} (HB 437-439). This shall include assist & hand carries & transportation formats. 16. Improvised Stretcher - Scouts should make with provided materials a stretcher and correctly lift and place on a stretcher an injured person and then transport them for a certain distance. {MB req. # 6b}. II. Materials Recovery - Five minutes before the class ends all bandage work will end. Scouts must completely fold and return bandage material in a need and orderly fashion to the instructional materials storage area. III. Assignments 1. Collect assignments from Monday regarding making a list for a home first aid kit and presenting a personal first aid kit for an overnight camping trip. 2. Assignment for tomorrow: Thursday we will review, catch up on any material not adequately covered and take take a written test as well as a skills performance test. Scouts should be prepared for the test as well as review the steps for Rescue Breathing and all bandages, splints, and transportation methods. Scouts must bring an ink pen and something to bear down on when they take their test. THURSDAY------------------------------------------------------------- I. Review - Answer any questions, pick up on any modules not covered already. Have manican and some bandages available for additional study. II. Take the test - The test will be handed out. All books should be closed and scouts adequately spaced so they can concentrate on their own test. When finished scouts can turn in their test. Before they leave they must perform the skills performance section of the test with the instructor. III. Sign up for performance review for Friday. Each scout is encouraged to return for an individual performance review on Friday. The purpose of this is to review areas of First Aid skills which may not be adequately comprehended in the initial group presentation. The counselor will review items missed and allow the scouts to demonstrate proficiency. Most of these reviews will not last more than five minutes. FRIDAY------------------------------------------------------------------- I. Performance Review - There is no actual class held today but scouts are urged to come at the scheduled appointment time so they can find out how they did on the test and get additional instruction on any performance or skill items missed. The manican will be available for skills checkout for those who have not done this yet. II. Advancement Reports - In order to meet the camp's guidelines for advancement reports all morning class First Aid programs must be finished by noon on Friday. All afternoon classes must have any make up work or appointments finished no later than at the end of the hour in which the class was normally conducted. Absolutely no additional advancement activity can take place past these deadlines in order for health lodge staff to tabulate and report advancement progress to the Program Director in a timely fashion. III. Wellness Center Symposia - The wellness center staff shall also be on hand to provide wellness literature and encourage the scouts to put their skills into practice in their troop sites. Each week the director of the center will visit the class on Friday to do a media presentation on a selected wellness topic. The content of the symposia will be announced on WBSA radio & in the Thunderhead Daily News. Instructor Qualifications (For Ed Henderson last revised in May of 1994): 1976-78 First Aid Instructor & Medic at Camp Thunderbird Cub Day Camp; 1980-83 & 1986-88 Camp Thunder First Aid Director, Flint River Council B.S.A.; 1989-1990 Camp Thunder Program Director with backup First Aid responsibilities; 1984-85 & 1991 Camp Ben Hawkins First Aid Director, Central Ga. B.S.A. Council; Past Member Camp Health & Safety Study Group of the American Camping Association; National Camping School of the Boy Scouts of America Program Director (Certified at FFA Camp Jackson in Georgia exp. Dec 1993), Camp Chaplain (Certified at Plesant Vally Scout Ranch in Colorado exp. Dec 1999); American Red Cross Basic First Aid Instructor Certification; American Red Cross B.A.T. (Basic Aid Training); American Red Cross Multi-Media First Aid Instructor Certification; American Red Cross Modular First Aid Instructor Certification; American Red Cross Advanced First Aid (40 hrs.) Certification; American Red Cross Race for Life C.P.R. Instructor Certification also certified senior instructor in all new Red Cross CPR programs including Infant, Child, Adult, and Community CPR Programs; American Heart Association C.P.R. 12 hour Instructor Course; American Heart Association Heimlick Maneuver Seminar; Ga. Epilepsy Association "Epileptic Aid & Awareness Seminar"; Gordon College 2 hr. Advanced First Aid Instruction (Grade of A); West Ga. College Advanced 120 hour (5 hr.) First Aid Class (Grade of A); American Lung Association "A Breath of Life" Community Instructor; Griffin-Spalding County Citizen Emergency Management Team Task Force Member; Griffin-Spalding County Civil Defense First Aid Volunteer; Flint River Council Certified First Aid, Emergency Preparedness, and Safety Merit Badge Counsellor; Member Ga. Society for the Prevention of Blindness; Board Member of Spalding County Unit of American Cancer Society; Board Member of Griffin Chapter of American Red Cross; Annual December Bloodmobile Coordinator of Griffin Blood Drive; Red Cross Childbirth Introduction Seminar; Red Cross Babysitting Certification Class; Trained in obtaining vital signs; Trained in use of Blood Pressure Equipment; Currently Maintain a sizable First Aid Kit - Value $3,750.00; Commissioned on Stardate 1290.08 as Chief Medical Officer of Starship U.S.S. Republic NC- 1371 (Galaxy Class) United Federation of Planets based in Atlanta Georgia U.S.A., Planet Earth, Terran System. Advanced Exobiology studies from Vulcan Science Academy & Starbase 32 at Emory University. (ibid.) & Graduate of Star Fleet Academy College of Medical Science (no joke...now how many camp medics do you know that are certified in exobiology to treat alien campers???); 1989 Red Cross Hugo Disaster Quick Response Team Member, spent 14 days in Pee Dee area of South Carolina, 1993 DR167 of the American Red Cross Mass Care Specialist in the Missourt Floods (Based in Cape Girardeau MO); Eagle Scout, Vigil Order of the Arrow Member, Scoutmaster & District Advancement Committee Member. <><><><><>NEW PAGE...SEPERATE DOCUMENT.....<><><><> FIRST AID MERIT BADGE TEST 1995 CAMP THUNDER SUMMER CAMP An answer key for troop leader use will be returned to unit leaders with these tests at the end of the camp. Name______________________________ Troop _____ (1 pt. each) Final Score on this test____________________________________ There are 100 points possible on this test plus a 12 point bonus question. This test is only 1 part of a number of lab exercises and First Aid contests that determine overall performance, even if you do not make a passing score of 80, we will review those skills you did not know and allow you the opportunity to study & redemonstrate those skills again so you can complete the badge. Each question on this test relates to a specific requirement in First Aid Merit Badge or a skill requirement needed for Tenderfoot, Second Class or First Class and will be graded as such. If a basic understanding is obvious in all areas of First Aid, your counsellor will recommend you earn the badge, otherwise you may get a partial which only means you will need to review a particular area of the Merit Badge book some more in order to complete all of the requirements. This test is also a key evaluation your troop board of reviuew can use in making a final determination on whether or not you earned the badge at your next Board of Review. A score of 80 or better will also qualify you for the Red Cross Basic First Aid Card. Being absent or tardy to class can also prevent passage of this badge. Class performance and skill demonstrations are also factors in determining what skills you have learned. 1. (FILL IN THE BLANKS) (4 points) First aid is the ________________ help given to victims of __________ or sudden ___________ until _______________ help arrives. It is not playing doctor. 2. Below are the nine main First Aid steps for rescue breathing, number them in the correct order of treatment (1 point each) ______ Check the Breathing & Pulse for 5 - 10 seconds ______ Give one breath every five seconds for an average size adult, counting "one one thousand; two one thousand three one thousand four one thousand B-R-E-A-T-H." ______ Check for breathing by Looking, Listening, & Feeling to determine if rescue breathing is needed for about 3 - 5 seconds. ______ Ask if the victim is okay, are they conscious ______ Give two good full breaths, being sure to pinch the nose while breathing in, making a tight seal around the mouth, and having the airway opened. ______ Call out "I NEED SOME HELP" ______ After giving breaths for one minute, stop and check both the Breathing & Pulse again for about 5 - 10 seconds, and then checking every few minutes thereafter. ______ Open the Airway, tip the head back with one hand placing the majority of the force on the forehead and the other hand's fingers pushing back on the bony part of the chin. ______ Call out "Victim is not breathing you (point to some individual) go call 911 (or "0") for help." 3. (2 pts.) A __________________ fracture is one in which the broken bone is penetrating through the skin and a pressure point is used to control bleeding. A fracture that does not break the skin is called a ______________ fracture. 4. T or F (Circle for 2 pts.) Before trying to place a splint for a leg fracture on a victim you should ask them to try and walk on it to see if it really is broken. 5. T or F (Circle for 2 pts.) Butter is an excellent home remedy for treating burns. 6. Below are five First Aid steps for severe bleeding, number them in the correct order of treatment (2 points each for a total of 10 points) ______ Bandage as soon as possible ______ Direct Pressure on the wound ______ Tourniquet as a last resort ______ Apply Pressure Points ______ Elevation of the injured limb if there are no broken bones 7. Burns. Below is a grid for you to complete on burns, some answers have already been given to help you, fill in the missing answers (6 points) ___________________________________________________________________________ |Degree | Example | Looks Like | The First Aid Treatment is: | |_______|_____________|________________|__________________________________| | 1st | | | | |Degree | Sunburn | | | |_______|_____________|________________|__________________________________| | 2nd | | White Blisters | | |Degree | | on the skin. | | |_______|_____________|________________|__________________________________| | 3rd | | | Loosely bandage, do not pull any | |Degree | | |clothing from wound area, get to | |_______|_____________|________________|at hospital at once!______________| 8. T or F (Circle for 2 pts.) First aid for the unconscious includes giving the victim a glass of water to drink. 9. T or F (Circle for 2 pts.) First aid for the unconscious includes inducing the victim to vomit if they have taken certain kinds of poisoning. 10. T or F (Circle for 2 pts.) First aid for the conscious or unconscious includes treatment for shock, which to some degree is present in all injuries. 11. T or F (Circle for 2 pts.) Generally, a conscious victim of internal poisoning who has taken an overdoes of drugs or a weed or bug killer should be made to vomit. 12. T or F (Circle for 2 pts.) The proper treatment for most chemical burns on the skin or in the eye is large amounts of cold running water. 13. List five common signs of a heart attack (5 pts.) ____________ ________________ _______________________ ______________________ _______________________ 14. (2 pts.) ___ Which of these items should you have with you at all times (A) An emergency quarter for pay phones (B) A Medic Alert Bracelet if you have a special illness or medical condition (C) A card with area emergency phone numbers (D) All of these 15. At an accident in what order would you treat these injuries (3 points) ____ A Broken Arm ____ Stopped Breathing ____ Several Smaller Cuts 16. T or F (Circle for 2 pts.) Since a person can die from a lack of oxygen in 4 to 6 minutes it is okay to stop giving rescue breathing to someone who has not responded to mouth to mouth artificial respiration after 10 minutes. 17. T or F (Circle for 2 pts.) If you are the only person at a severe accident site, it is more important for you to run to a phone and call for help than it is to start first aid so professional help can be on the way. 18. T or F (Circle for 2 pts.) If someone is choking but can cough forcefully you should not apply any First Aid but encourage the victim to cough up the object unless it becomes clear that the person is having difficulty breathing. 19. Moving an injured person should be avoided unless absolutely necessary, when might there be a time when you would have to move an injured person (2 pts.)?__________________________________ 20. Go to your counsellor and do any two of the following bandages / First Aid Skills he asks you to do for five points each: ___Upper Arm Fracture ___Roller Bandage ___Collarbone Fracture ___Adhesive Bandage ___Build a Stretcher ___Upper Leg Fracture ___Lower Leg Fracture ___Tourniquet ___An arm sling ___Rescue Breathing on a Manican ___A method for moving the injured 21. Matching: The answers are below, place the letter in the blank, each answer is used only once, (1 point each) ______ Heat Stroke ______ Heat Exhaustion ______ Hypothermia ______ Frostbite ______ Bruise ______ Stomachache ______ Arm/Leg Cramp ______ Choking on food ______ Boils & Pimples ______ Blisters ______ Epileptic Seizures ______ Nosebleed ______ Cuts & Scratches ______ Puncture Wound ______ Object in Eye ______ Skin Poisoning ______ Snakebites ______ Black Widow ______ Insect Bites ______ Poison Control Center ______ Medal of Merit ______ Ticks ______ The best way to act in any kind of accident a. This small insect can cause Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. Putting vaseline or some kind of grease on the insect to cut of its air supply is the best way to remove the insect. b. This insect is considered one of the most poisonous anthropods in the United States. It is black and has a red hourglass on its underside. c. If you are within an hour of emergency care, place a constriction bandage 2 to 4 inches above the wound, keep the area lower than the rest of the body, keep victim calm & stationary AND GET THEM TO THE HOSPITAL. d. An award given by the Boy Scouts of America to scouts who exhibit bravery and courage in saving another's life. Each month in Boy's Life "Scouts in Action" series a true story is told about such scouts. e. These kinds of injuries can be caused by splinters, fishhooks or nails. They don't bleed much but deep ones may cause a disease called lockjaw, therefore it is important that people protect themselves by keeping their tetanus shot current. These kinds of wounds should be washed & bleeding should be encouraged for a few minutes to clean out the wound. f. This results from internal bleeding. Can be a sign of internal injuries to major organs if on the trunk of the body. First aid includes ice packs to bring down swelling. g. First Aid includes lying the victim down, raise the head & pinching the nose. h. Is a loss of body heat and is a life threatening situation. Proper nutrition, raising the victim's temperature, and removing cold wet clothes, and placing the victim in a warm environment is the First Aid. i. Convulsions can be experienced by a person with this condition. There are several types of these seizures. The most important thing to do when someone is undergoing a seizure is to remove objects in area which could cause further injury. j. Caused by a near total loss of body fluids. Associated with high temperatures, red hot and dry face & rapid pulse. First aid includes giving liquids and sponging the victim down to reduce body temperature. k. Marked by lots of perspiration, can be caused by being in a hot or humid room, victim is nauseous & body is clammy. First aid includes liquids, rest, and placing his head lower than his feet. l. Can be caused by acne or other skin conditions. First Aid does not include popping or squeezing the skin but washing the area & using a skin cleaner. m. Remain calm, keep the victim lying down, take control of the situation and be professional, alert, and understanding of the victim. n. The best thing to do is start by cleaning with soap & water. Place an anticeptic to kill germs (like Betadine, Hydrogen Peroxide, or Alcohol) and put a bandaid on the wound. If infection develops use an antibiotic like Neosporen to help the body fight the infection. o. A good place to call when you are not sure what to do when someone has taken something internally that makes them ill. p. Can happen along with heat exhaustion. First aid includes applying gentle firm pressure to affected muscles, warm wet towels and gentle massage, also keep the affected area higher than the rest of the body also the victim may attempt to "walk out" the condition. A good way to avoid this ailment is to "warm up" before exercise or strenuous work. q. Victim may not even be aware of the condition, body will feel numb and look white or sort of gray, becoming blue in severe cases. First Aid includes raising the body temperature and placing in warm, not hot water & giving a warm drink. r. Can start out as a "little ache or pain" from overeating or not eating enough but can also be a sign of more serious problems. If over the counter remedies don't work it is best to get the victim to a doctor. s. Causes an obstructed airway. The universal sign is someone holding their neck who can not breath, cough, or speak. The Heimlich Maneuver of repeated abdominal thrusts above the naval but well below the rib cage should be given until the object is dislodged. Mouth sweeps are used to remove the object from the mouth. t. Poison Ivy, Oak, and Sumac are but three plants that can cause this condition. Soap & Water are a good start in treatment along with Calamine Lotion. If blisters to appear they should not be popped. u. Some people are allergic to these bites. With any sting or bite the stinger should be removed, the area washed, a sting kill remedy used to relieve pain, and the victim should be monitored to see if a reaction develops. v. First aid does not include rubbing the area but washing with water, allowing the eye to tear, and removing the object with a clean tissue. If an object is penetrating in the eye then BOTH eyes should be bandaged to prevent further injury, the person should be taken to the hospital at once. w. Can form on the heals of feet when scouts go around camp all week with wet shoes, no socks, or the same dirty wet pair of socks. Prevention is the best method, but if this condition forms the blister can be popped with a sterilized needle and allowed to drain. 22. Extra Credit. For up to 12 extra points, list 12 items that a scout should have in a home First Aid Kit. ___________________________ __________________________ ____________________ ___________________________ __________________________ ____________________ ___________________________ __________________________ ____________________ ___________________________ __________________________ ____________________ REMEMBER! You can never learn to much First Aid, remember to review often, plan to take Emergency Preparedness Merit Badge & Red Cross or Heart Association CPR & Advanced First Aid classes in your area! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- On a separate sheet of paper, please share your comments & suggestions about this class, health lodge services in general, & the camp. How would you improve it, what suggestions for change do you have. Were there things you liked or disliked about the class, you do not need to write your name on this sheet if you don't want to.